As a general rule the abstractions of macro-economics are concerned with human resources this way - as it characterizes no mechanisms to represent alternative or ingenuity.

For this reason one interpretation is that “firm-specific human capital” as described in macro-economics is the modern and proper definition of “human resources” - and that this is insufficient to represent the contributions of “human resources” in any modern concept of political economy.

The established but extremely limited context of hiring, firing, and job description is considered a 20^th century anachronism. Most corporate companies that compete in the modern global economy have accepted a view of human capital that mirrors the modern agreement as above. Some of these, in sequence, deprecate the term “human resources” as ineffective.

As the term refers to obvious exploitations of human capital in one context or another, it can still be considered to apply to manual labor, mass agriculture, low skill “Mc Jobs” in service industries, military and other jobs that have clear job descriptions, and that generally do not encourage creative or social abilities.